Interesting reading:
arstechnica.com
Like a cheat code for your car: We investigate ECU tuning
Now it's an arms race between OEMs locking down chips and tuners trying to crack them.
arstechnica.com
"For the B5 Audi S4, there were only 10 to 15 things that needed adjustment, APR said. By contrast, the 2005 Volkswagen GTI required 90. “Current production stuff? We’re well-north of a couple hundred changes,” said Gorton—about 225 for the 2022 GTI and over 400 for the current Porsche 911 Carrera."