Can't say I noticed any performance benefit. I did do some testing a while back in my 530d. I ran 3 tanks of some of the most popular fuels on the market, from supermarkets as well as proper retailers like Shell, BP and Esso etc... Using the super diesel as well as the normal diesel. My testing was mostly related to fuel economy though.
Now, obviously it wasn't properly scientific or anything, as my driving would have changed from tank to tank. But none the less, there were some rather obvious differences with some fuels compared to others.
In general though, I found no increase in fuel economy between the super and normal diesel variants, except for Esso Super diesel, which, for some reason, did show me to get a couple extra mpg's. Then diesel from Asda and Tesco performing the worst, for me, during my testing.
Surprisingly, to me at least, Morrisons fuel performed just as well as Shell or BP standard diesels. Which I saw very little difference to their super diesel offerings. Sainsburys falling only marginally behind.
Now, I generally just fill up at Morrisons. It's the handiest for me almost (Asda and Shell are equally as handy for me, but Asda's worse performance, and Shell being a couple ppl more means Morrisons is usually the pick). I
shop there anyway, so get the reward points, buy amazon vouchers there for their fuel save, and their fuel provides pretty much the same economy as Shell. Esso Super diesel is, unfortunately, to difficult to get for me to use regularly.
It's worth baring in mind, that this testing was completed over many thousands of miles, as it was 3 straight tanks of each fuel on the trot to compare values against.
Of course, that's with relation to diesel only, and only really for fuel consumption. When I ran my stage 2 1.8T (uprated turbo's, injectors, intercoolers, sports cat, live mapping etc...) I only ran either Momentum 99 or V-Power. But then on a car like that, with money spent on performance tuning, an extra couple quid per tank is nothing, whether the benefits are a placebo affect or not. It's not like you are worried about fuel economy when you are running a tuned petrol motor.