This is where my knowledge gets a bit hazy. I was under the impression that 2 ariflow sensors exist on the car. There is one just after the airbox that measures the air going into the turbo and there is one just before the inlet manifold that measures the air after the turbo. The one I accidently unplugged was the one by the inlet manifold and my car was really slow until I plugged it back in.
Hopefully someone will come on and correct me.
I don't know if they can be tested without VAGCOM. Try posting to see if anyone in your area has got VAGCOM or go to a specialist and expect to pay around £20-£30 to get the ECU codes read.