Um. Briefly:
Air path to the combustion chamber:
Air intake. behind the headlight. Gets coolish cleanish air from the front of the car.
goes to
Air filter. Screens out dust dirt gravel flies badgers etc
goes to
Turbocharger compressor. Compresses the air, get more oxygen into the same volume of gas. Heats the air too (think about what happens to the bottom of a bicycle tyre pump when you inflate a tyre, or feel a footpump after topping up a tyre)
All the air pipes from here to the engine have to contain high-pressure gas.
Next is the intercooler. This is just another radiator, a heat exchanger like the ones for the engine coolant, cabin air heater and so on. In this case the hot inlet air inside it is cooled by air drawn over it from the outside. The main advantage of the FMIC is that it is larger and so gives better cooling.
From there, the air goes to the inlet manifold. Just before the manifold will be the EGR and anti-shudder valve on a diesel, or the throttle body (with EGR if it is applied) on a petrol engine.
And then into the engine.
Gas flow diagram is at the bottom of this picture wot I drew myself ages ago to describe how the vac pipes interconnect on a TDI 110. Hope this helps