Sounds like air in the fuel system.
I did think it was something like that - so I changed the fuel hoses from the filter to the rails, as well as the ones going to the tandem pump, but no change at all.
I'm going to take the car out later, partly to see if I can hear the fuel pump priming when I turn the ignition on, because I can't remember hearing it recently, but I'm also going to clamp the vacuum hose to the EGR valve as that might give me an idea of whether the
problem might be linked to the EGR in some way. I do still have my replacement EGR valve (I missed the end of the returns window for Autodoc so I'm stuck with it now) but don't want to fit that just yet in case I can sell it on, given that it's still in the original sealed wrapping.
Looking at the EGR cooler pipes etc. I can't see any signs of cracking there and it all looks pretty healthy. There's some oil coming from the back of the tandem pump, but I think it's been there for a really long time and my oil level has been smack bang in the centre of the dipstick for ages - no rising or falling. I'll get a new gasket on the tandem pump sometime and if it carries on, I'll either rebuild it or get a new one.
There are only so many things it could be now. I've heard some people suggest the coolant temp sensor could be bad, as well as the crank position sensor, but in the circumstances, I feel like I'd be better off checking the cam and the injector loom as I can kill two birds with one stone.
Thankfully at the moment I've got some time and a little bit of money to throw at it, but obviously I don't want to spend on things I don't need to...