Feel free to shoot me down if I'm wrong here, but all speedos tend to overestimate the speed of the car (as anyone with sat nav will tell you!). So by sticking 17 inch wheels on, any difference is likely to change the speedo so that it gives a reading of the 'real' speed of the car i.e. something similar to what a sat nav would say you're doing.
I suppose just to see how big the difference is you could always borrow a sat nav off someone to see how the speedo reading differs from the real speed as measured/ displayed on the sat nav.